4th Dimension Research Articles

3D printing of magnetostrictive property in 17/4 ph stainless steel

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic alloys significantly advances diverse areas of science/engineering with a prosperous future trend. Although this technology is also very attractive for smart materials development, the creation of a pre-programmed “4th dimension” property to appear in response to external stimuli represents an important challenge. Here we report on 3D printing of stainless steel based magnetic alloy and detail the ways to optimize the magnetisation and magnetostriction to be used for actuation and sensing. By controlling the printing parameters and sintering process, we are able to tune the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of the 17/4 ph stainless steel, demonstrating material fabrication multi-function with a cost effective advantage. The stainless steel 17/4 ph samples in the as-printed (AP) and sintered steel (SS) stages are compared. In the developed SS sample, a remarkable increase of 18% in saturation magnetisation yet with 12.6 % lower coercivity was achieved. Moreover, the 54% higher magnetostriction was developed for the SS sample compared to the AP sample. Plus, the difference in anisotropy energy K1 was also lower for the SS sample. The structural and magnetic properties control are reported at each stage of the printing process, demonstrating development and optimization prospects of 3D printable metallic sensors and actuators.

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Fabrication of 3D, 4D and 5D Printed Formulations or Devices for Drug Delivery.

5D & 4D printings are an advanced version of 3D printing class and are one of the most revolutionary and powerful fabrication methods used for preparing innovative structures and solid substances using precise additive manufacturing technology. It captures the imagination of one with its potential to produce flexible designing and fabrication of innovative products with high complexity and speed. This technology with the assistance of AI (Artificial Intelligence) facilitates real-time sensing, adapting to change, and predicting the state of printing. 3D printing works by employing advanced materials utilizing a computer aided design with tomography scan under AI control which deposits printing material in accordance with the nature of a file usually in STL format, but it requires time for printing. This shortcoming can be overcome by 4D printing where smart materials are incorporated with time as 4th dimension. This technique has self-repair and self-assembly properties that will save around 80% of time. Some printed materials are made sensitive to temperature, humidity, light, and other parameters so that they can respond to stimulus, but it's one limitation of not being able to print complex shapes having curved surfaces can be overcome by utilising 5D printing where additive manufacturing is done by rotation of extruder head and rotation of print bed to print in 5 different axes. This review evaluates the prospective of these techniques with AI interference in medicine and pharmacy, with its effective and efficient production for the required design precision.

Jaringan Kolaboratif Digital Untuk Pemasaran Kopi Berbasis Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Dan Green Economy

Digital transformation is a change int the way work is handled by using information technology to gain efficiency and effectiveness, also includes the adoption and integration of various new information and communication technologies for the completion of sustainable solutions. This process also involves new organizational forms and new business models. Digital transformation requires a digital collaborative network (Digital Collaborative Network/DCN) among stakeholders in the 4th industrial revolution dimension. The purpose of forming this collaborative network is to balance competition and sharing which will bring many benefits to the collaborating parties. The main objective of this program is to create a DCN for coffee marketing based on existing data at Tenjolaya's LMDH (Forest Village Community Institute), which will form a digital community with three main networks, namely ICT networks, knowledge networks and social networks. Another goal is to train LMDH members to use ICT innovation and LMDH assistance so that they are ready to become a digital community. The target activities include three things, namely (1) mapping and socialization of the DCN concept, (2) product/process development activities and increasing the ability of farmer groups to become digital communities (training and mentoring) and (3) commercial activities. 
  

Recent Advances in the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review.

There has been a tremendous increase in the investigations of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, and drug delivery in particular, ever since the US FDA approved the first 3D printed medicine, SPRITAM® (levetiracetam) in 2015. Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, involves various manufacturing techniques like fused-deposition modeling, 3D inkjet, stereolithography, direct powder extrusion, and selective laser sintering, among other 3D printing techniques, which are based on the digitally controlled layer-by-layer deposition of materials to form various geometries of printlets. In contrast to conventional manufacturing methods, 3D printing technologies provide the unique and important opportunity for the fabrication of personalized dosage forms, which is an important aspect in addressing diverse patient medical needs. There is however the need to speed up the use of 3D printing in the biopharmaceutical industry and clinical settings, and this can be made possible through the integration of modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things, into additive manufacturing. This will lead to less human involvement and expertise, independent, streamlined, and intelligent production of personalized medicines. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is another important additive manufacturing technique similar to 3D printing, but adds a 4th dimension defined as time, to the printing. This paper aims to give a detailed review of the applications and principles of operation of various 3D printing technologies in drug delivery, and the materials used in 3D printing, and highlight the challenges and opportunities of additive manufacturing, while introducing the concept of 4D printing and its pharmaceutical applications.

Gravity, Density, Acceleration, and the Constants of Nature

The component of light in the 3rd dimension decreases as light enters the 4th dimension created by a Black Hole. Hence particles moving in 3-D space will emit radiation due to the Cherenkov Effect. Gravity and acceleration are the same according to Einstein’s Equivalence Principle. Density also has the same effect as gravity because gravity attracts matter thereby increasing matter density. The laws of Physics and all the constants of nature such as the Speed of light, Planck’s constant, the Gravitational constant, and so on are a function of the dimension of the space they are in since the vacuum energy density of each higher dimension is greater. We analyze the graph of the accelerated expansion of the Universe to calculate the acceleration for small Redshift z and predict what will happen for larger z values.

Gravity, Density, Acceleration, and the Constants of Nature

The component of light in the 3rd dimension decreases as light enters the 4th dimension created by a Black Hole. Hence particles moving in 3-D space will emit radiation due to the Cherenkov Effect. Gravity and acceleration are the same according to Einstein’s Equivalence Principle. Density also has the same effect as gravity because gravity attracts matter thereby increasing matter density. The laws of Physics and all the constants of nature such as the Speed of light, Planck’s constant, the Gravitational constant, and so on are a function of the dimension of the space they are in since the vacuum energy density of each higher dimension is greater. We analyze the graph of the accelerated expansion of the Universe to calculate the acceleration for small Redshift z and predict what will happen for larger z values.

Spatiotemporal Design of the Metal-Organic Framework DUT-8(M).

Switchable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) change their structure in time and selectively open their pores adsorbing guest molecules, leading to highly selective separation, pressure amplification, sensing, and actuation applications. The 3D engineering of MOFs has reached a high level of maturity, but spatiotemporal evolution opens a new perspective toward engineering materials in the 4th dimension (time) by t-axis design, in essence exploiting the deliberate tuning of activation barriers. This work demonstrates the first example in which an explicit temporal engineering of a switchable MOF (DUT-8, [M1 M2 (2,6-ndc)2 dabco]n , 2,6-ndc = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M1 = Ni, M2 = Co) is presented. The temporal response is deliberately tuned by variations in cobalt content. A spectrum of advanced analytical methods is presented for analyzing the switching kinetics stimulated by vapor adsorption using insitu time-resolved techniques ranging from ensemble adsorption and advanced synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments to individual crystal analysis. A novel analysis technique based on microscopic observation of individual crystals in a microfluidic channel reveals the lowest limit for adsorption switching reported so far. Differences in the spatiotemporal response of crystal ensembles originate from an induction time that varies statistically and widens characteristically with increasing cobalt content reflecting increasing activation barriers.

Okul İşbirliği Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The aim of this research is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that can measure the collaboration between stakeholders in schools. In the study, data were collected from two different groups for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to determine the construct validity of the scale. There are 600 teachers in the first study group and 960 teachers in the second study group. Participating teachers were selected by simple random sampling from those working at public primary school, secondary school and high school levels. The content validity of the research was provided in line with expert opinions. As a result of the analysis, a structure was obtained where the scale consisted of 38 items, explained 71.78% of the total variance, and the fit indices were at an acceptable level. Since the scale focuses on the level of collaboration between stakeholders in schools, the dimensions are named as "school principal-stakeholder collaboration", "teacher-colleague collaboration", "parent-teacher collaboration" and "school guidance service-stakeholder collaboration". The rotated factor load values of the items in the School Collaboration Scale ranged between .61 and .85. The item-total correlations ranged between .48 and .86. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the 1st dimension is .96, the 2nd dimension is .95, the 3rd dimension is .94, and the 4th dimension is .95. The total Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is .97. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the school collaboration scale developed is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the level of collaboration at all school levels.

Improved Analysis of Isomeric Polyphenol Dimers Using the 4th Dimension of Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry.

Dehydrodicatechins resulting from (epi)catechin oxidation have been investigated in different foods and natural products, but they still offer some analytical challenges. The purpose of this research is to develop a method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with trapped ion mobility spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−ESI−TIMS−QTOF−MS/MS) to improve the characterization of dehydrodicatechins from model solutions (oxidation dimers of (+)-catechin and/or (−)-epicatechin). Approximately 30 dehydrodicatechins were detected in the model solutions, including dehydrodicatechins B with β and ε-interflavanic configurations and dehydrodicatechins A with γ-configuration. A total of 11 dehydrodicatechins B, based on (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, or both, were tentatively identified in a grape seed extract. All of them were of β-configuration, except for one compound that was of ε-configuration. TIMS allowed the mobility separation of chromatographically coeluted isomers including dehydrodicatechins and procyanidins with similar MS/MS fragmentation patterns that would hardly be distinguished by LC-MS/MS alone, which demonstrates the superiority of TIMS added to LC-MS/MS for these kinds of compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was applied to the analysis of dehydrodicatechins. This method can be adapted for other natural products.

The 4th dimension of in vitro systems - Time to level up.

Various in vitro model systems have been established over the last decades to understand physiological processes, the causalities of diseases and the response of humans to environmental and industrial chemicals or therapeutic drugs. Common to all is a limited biological significance due to the impairment of functionality, for instance by the lack of physiological 3D tissue architecture or the loss of fundamental regulatory mechanisms including the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an adaption of living organisms to rhythmic environmental changes of the day-night cycle and coordinates behavior as well as various crucial physiological processes in a 24-hour pattern. Here, we discuss the impact of integrating circadian regulation in experimental approaches and toxicological assessments to improve the biological relevance of the obtained results. In particular, it is known for some time that an ongoing disruption of the circadian rhythmicity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction or cancer. In the context of health recovery, the importance of circadian control mechanism is recognized by chronopharmacological concepts to increase the efficiency of pharmacological treatment strategies. Despite the undeniable circadian dependency and the biological relevance of manifold cellular and molecular processes, the impact of circadian regulation is hardly considered in a wide range of biomedical and toxicological research areas. Reactivating the circadian regulation holds the promise to enhance the biological relevance and reliability of in vitro approaches. In the context of human health protection the implementation of a circadian regulation will subsequently generate advanced physiologically relevant in vitro approaches and allows an improved toxicological assessment of health risks. In addition, the establishment of circadian disruption as a novel toxicological endpoint will provide a better understanding of toxicological mode of actions of environmental and industrial chemicals or drugs and enlarge the knowledge of disease development.

Fabrication of 5D Fresnel Lenses via Additive Manufacturing.

The consistent developments in additive manufacturing (AM) processes are revolutionizing the fabrication of 3-dimensional (3D) parts. Indeed, 3D printing processes are prompt, parallel, material efficient, and cost-effective, along with their capabilities to introduce added dimensions to the computer-aided design (CAD) models. Notably, 3D Printing is making progressive developments to fabricate optical devices such as regular lenses, contact lenses, waveguides, and more recently, Fresnel lenses. But extended functionalities of these optical devices are also desirable. Therefore, we demonstrate masked stereolithography (MSLA) based fabrication of five-dimensional (5D) Fresnel lenses by incorporating color-change phenomena (4th dimension) using thermochromic powder that changes color in response to external temperature variations (25-36 °C). The holographic diffraction effect (5th dimension) is produced by imprinting a diffraction grating during the printing process. Optical focusing performance for the 5D printed lenses has been evaluated by reporting achievable focal length, with <2 mm average deviation, without postprocessing in 450-650 nm spectral range. However, in the near IR region (850-980 nm), the average deviation was around 11.5 mm. Enhanced optical properties along with surface quality have been reported. Thus, MSLA process can fabricate optical components with promising applications in the fields of sensing and communication.

A Virtual Necropsy: Applications of 3D Scanning for Marine Mammal Pathology and Education.

Simple SummaryMost whale biologists spend their careers in boats, getting a glimpse at whales only when they come up to the surface to breathe or occasionally to feed. Being able to walk right up to a whale, and even look inside its body, offers scientists and stranding network volunteers a rare and meaningful opportunity to learn from whales at close range. On 14 March 2021, a female adult humpback whale was found dead on a beach near Sitka, Alaska. A team of volunteers performed a necropsy, meaning they dissected the whale to gather information about its cause of death and collected samples for further research (NOAA Fisheries permit 18786-01). Before, during and after the necropsy, the whale was three-dimensionally (3D) scanned using a drone and an iPad. These scans were annotated and arranged into a free publicallyavailable resource known as the 4D virtual necropsy (with time as the 4th dimension). After one month, we documented broad interest in this resource from researchers, educators, community members, and volunteers who respond to marine mammal strandings. We believe 3D scanning of future stranded animals will be useful for a wide range of applications.Stranded large whales represent an opportunity to learn about the anatomy and health of these cryptic free-ranging animals. However, where time and access is frequently limited, law enforcement and management priorities often take precedence over research, outreach, and educational uses. On 14 March 2021, a dead female adult humpback whale was reported stranded on an uninhabited island 15 miles west of Sitka, Alaska. The whale was three-dimensionally scanned using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and photogrammetry before, during, and at multiple time points after a necropsy, including full decomposition 17 days later (NOAA Fisheries permit 18786-01). These scans were organized and displayed on the site Sketchfab with annotations and made publically available as a “4D virtual necropsy” (the fourth dimension is time). After one month, our user survey indicated widespread interest in the platform by both the local community and worldwide by stranding professionals, researchers, and educators. We are unaware of another 3D scan involving a large whale with soft tissue for teaching, research, or public display, despite the ease of 3D scanning with current technologies and the wide-ranging applications.

From local to global matrix organization by fibroblasts: a 4D laser-assisted bioprinting approach

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts play a central role in skin homeostasis through dermal organization and maintenance. Nonetheless, the dynamic interactions between (myo)fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) remain poorly exploited in skin repair strategies. Indeed, there is still an unmet need for soft tissue models allowing to study the spatial-temporal remodeling properties of (myo)fibroblasts. In vivo, wound healing studies in animals are limited by species specificity. In vitro, most models rely on collagen gels reorganized by randomly distributed fibroblasts. But biofabrication technologies have significantly evolved over the past ten years. High-resolution bioprinting now allows to investigate various cellular micropatterns and the emergent tissue organizations over time. In order to harness the full dynamic properties of cells and active biomaterials, it is essential to consider ‘time’ as the 4th dimension in soft tissue design. Following this 4D bioprinting approach, we aimed to develop a novel model that could replicate fibroblast dynamic remodeling in vitro. For this purpose, (myo)fibroblasts were patterned on collagen gels with laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) to study the generated matrix deformations and reorganizations. First, distinct populations, mainly composed of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, were established in vitro to account for the variety of fibroblastic remodeling properties. Then, LAB was used to organize both populations on collagen gels in even isotropic patterns with high resolution, high density and high viability. With maturation, bioprinted patterns of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts reorganized into dispersed or aggregated cells, respectively. Stress-release contraction assays revealed that these phenotype-specific pattern maturations were associated with distinct lattice tension states. The two populations were then patterned in anisotropic rows in order to direct the cell-generated deformations and to orient global matrix remodeling. Only maturation of anisotropic fibroblast patterns, but not myofibroblasts, resulted in collagen anisotropic reorganizations both at tissue-scale, with lattice contraction, and at microscale, with embedded microbead displacements. Following a 4D bioprinting approach, LAB patterning enabled to elicit and orient the dynamic matrix remodeling mechanisms of distinct fibroblastic populations and organizations on collagen. For future studies, this method provides a new versatile tool to investigate in vitro dermal organizations and properties, processes of remodeling in healing, and new treatment opportunities.

The Impact of 3D Coordinate Technology Using Nanomaterials on Architecture Engineering Industry

Coordinate technologies play an important role in many industrial applications, especially for eco nanobuildings and spaces. Lately, the global new architecture seems to be more automated as appeared in the parametric architecture, topological, animate, metamorphic, and isomorphic and per formative architecture. They all depend on the visualization, the high precision techniques, and the 4th dimension all within sustainability. But till now, there is no main environmental space code, unit or standards to deal with to insure that the environmental design became in a form of an easier one to be the design of the era as all the global calls aware us to preserve the nature from pollution. Mainly within the call for the nanotechnology, if there is found a least architectural volumetric unit which can fulfill all the environmental sustainable systems within the visionary and the 4th dimensional acts, then we can act with the environment with easier spaces that can be duplicated in a uniform way, to work easily for measure and estimate the budget of his supposed built space. Therefore, the main liable issue concerns the research for the least architectural volumetric unit, and we can call it the nanoarchitectural unit. As nanoarchitecture is a virtual and proposed kind of architecture, which the architects aim to create it or follow it the nanotechnology to insure that the 3D technology is to submit as an application in all branches of science, to achieve a dream of the present-day from sustainability and environment for future generations. Accordingly, recent studies have confirmed that 3D coordinate technology using digital printing has an important subtle impact on industry, especially for green buildings and spaces.

Reinterpretation of Dalí's »Vidriera Hipercubica« designed by Pérez Piñero in 1971

In 1971, the Spanish architect Emilio Pérez Piñero designed a foldable system of glass panels to separate the stage from the inner courtyard of the Dalí'Theatre‐Museum in Figueras. It is one of his last projects, before his early death by a car accident, ended abruptly this very creative period of the extraordinary constructor. The project is directly appointed by the artist Salvador Dalí himself, who was enthusiastic about Piñero's filigree constructions and called the foldable structure »Vidriera Hipercubica«, making a reference to the 4th dimension as a constant theme in the art of the 20th century. Analogous to the 4th dimension in physics – time, movement stands for the 4th dimension in architecture. The invention of the last system is patented in 1976, four years after the death of the architect under the description »System of Articulated Planes«. It can be read like a construction manual for the hypercubic glass. In the seminar »Movable Structures«, which takes place every summer semester since 2015 at the Institute of Structural Design at Universität Siegen, the realisation of a reinterpretation of the »Vidriera Hipercúbica« is the content of the current course. Following the assembly instructions of different patents by Pérez Piñero, it is possible to use the movement as a design tool, which allows to interpret the 4th dimension in architecture. One of the objectives is to pass the technical limits of that time and to integrate new possibilities in manufacturing. In particular, new types of glazing material will be used as well as digital production processes for connecting details. The reinterpretation focuses not only in its architectural interest, but also in the further development of the research work started by Piñero 50 years ago as well as to achieve innovative options of application. Hence, the imaginable use of foldable structures for the mobile installation of solar collectors could be one of them.

An “Animated Spatial Time Machine” in Co-Creation: Reconstructing History Using Gamification Integrated into 3D City Modelling, 4D Web and Transmedia Storytelling

More and more digital 3D city models might evolve into spatiotemporal instruments with time as the 4th dimension. For digitizing the current situation, 3D scanning and photography are suitable tools. The spatial future could be integrated using 3D drawings by public space designers and architects. The digital spatial reconstruction of lost historical environments is more complex, expensive and rarely done. Three-dimensional co-creative digital drawing with citizens’ collaboration could be a solution. In 2016, the City of Ghent (Belgium) launched the “3D city game Ghent” project with time as one of the topics, focusing on the reconstruction of disappeared environments. Ghent inhabitants modelled in open-source 3D software and added animated 3D gamification and Transmedia Storytelling, resulting in a 4D web environment and VR/AR/XR applications. This study analyses this low-cost interdisciplinary 3D co-creative process and offers a framework to enable other cities and municipalities to realise a parallel virtual universe (an animated digital twin bringing the past to life). The result of this co-creation is the start of an “Animated Spatial Time Machine” (AniSTMa), a term that was, to the best of our knowledge, never used before. This research ultimately introduces a conceptual 4D space–time diagram with a relation between the current physical situation and a growing number of 3D animated models over time.

The Effect of Time and Form on 21st-Century Architecture [FOURTH DIMENSION]

Dynamic configuration is the virtual applications and the innovation which create a wide range of sustainable buildings and spaces. In the virtual world, the conventional fourth dimension (time) is substituted by the element of movement (both 'physical and mental). Although the fourth dimension was known long ago since the medieval times, it was only studied in the nineteenth-century mathematically. If we look at the social context, we explore the biographies and works of the main characters in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, one shall notice that ethics and religion merely affected the study of the fourth dimension. The liability issue is that green architecture or sustainability was described in the form of micro-climate environmental concepts; disregarding the other features, particularly that relate to Dynamic Configuration (4th dimension) which could affect the form of architecture to achieve sustainability. Thus, the paper aims to concentrate on these features and bring its variable items as a type of application from contemporary architecture to be considered as an unlimited datum of ecological resilience. The paper methodology is a descriptive and analytical method which used to prove that this sort of building was planned for an ecological model to fulfil the necessities for sustainability.    Finally, the paper resulted in; time and space have a strong relationship where motion in architecture expressed the time factor, and a fourth dimension ‘Time’ became part of architectural design which can improve the sustainability and affect building innovation to put creative forms and designs while respecting the surround environments.

Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.

The immune system is unique among all biological sub-systems in its usage of DNA-editing enzymes to introduce targeted gene mutations and double-strand DNA breaks to diversify antigen receptor genes and combat viral infections. These processes, initiated by specific DNA-editing enzymes, often result in mistargeted induction of genome lesions that initiate and drive cancers. Like other molecules involved in human health and disease, the DNA-editing enzymes of the immune system have been intensively studied in humans and mice, with little attention paid (< 1% of published studies) to the same enzymes in evolutionarily distant species. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature on the characterization of one such DNA-editing enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), from an evolutionary comparative perspective. The central thesis of this review is that although the evolutionary comparative approach represents a minuscule fraction of published works on this and other DNA-editing enzymes, this approach has made significant impacts across the fields of structural biology, immunology, and cancer research. Using AID as an example, we highlight the value of the evolutionary comparative approach in discoveries already made, and in the context of emerging directions in immunology and protein engineering. We introduce the concept of 5-dimensional (5D) description of protein structures, a more nuanced view of a structure that is made possible by evolutionary comparative studies. In this higher dimensional view of a protein’s structure, the classical 3-dimensional (3D) structure is integrated in the context of real-time conformations and evolutionary time shifts (4th dimension) and the relevance of these dynamics to its biological function (5th dimension).

Dimensions and Universe Form Code (U.F.C.)

This paper analyzes the case of dimensions and reveals that according to the structure of the things could be six dimensions that are derived from the code form of the universe. The Universe Form Code (U.F.C.) is formed on the Mathematical Axiomatic Physics. This paper shows that space changes because of time, but space-time changes because of hyperspace, and finally the hyperspace because of ultraspace. Space-time is static without the hyperspace, as static is space without time. But the key to the creation of the universe is to the 6th dimension, the ultraspace, which is the space where the spot-space connects the Light Space and the Dimensional Space, according to the paper of the “Creation Theory”. For simplicity, there are presented the 4 dimensions of Light Space and the 4 dimensions of Dimensional Space. To break the dimensions for time travel this happens through the 5th dimension of hyperspace, and to make teleportation this happens through the 4th dimension of time. . This means that the technique is the same as the multiple big bang cases. This means that should be made a connection of one dimension of Light Space with one dimension of Dimensional Space. Pending on what dimensions are connected the results are different. (α) If time dimensions are connected time travel will happen, through the 5th dimension -hyperuniverse dimension (of the Dimensional Space). (β) If matter dimensions connected teleportation will happen, through the 4th dimension.

Implant-based multiplane breast augmentation\u2014a personal surgical concept for dynamic implant\u2013tissue interaction providing sustainable shape stability

BackgroundThe aesthetic long-term stability in shape, symmetry, and natural appearance of an aesthetically augmented breast remains a constant challenge. It has become clear that the results depend strongly on the technique applied and the experience of the surgeon. An ongoing controversy concerns the positioning of the implants. Subglandular, submuscular, partial submuscular, and subfascial pockets have different tradeoffs and advantages. However, secondary deformity, unnatural feel, and appearance are not addressed uniformly. The aim of the following study was to establish a standard procedure allowing for the desired and reproducible results to provide long-term stability and aesthetic quality.MethodsThe authors have developed a standardized dissection of a dynamic implant pocket. In this approach, a submuscular dissection with lower and medial release of the pectoralis muscle is combined with a wide subfascial release of the breast gland and a scoring of the deep plane of the superficial glandular fascia. In the final step, the deep layer of the glandular fascia is sutured tightly and firmly to the deep layer of the abdomino-pectoral fascia. A total of 867 patients received a 4D pocket–based breast implant by the authors. A subset of 33 patients was further analyzed for long-term results. Retrospectively, all data were analyzed from the electronic patient information system and files of patients using GraphPad 8. For comparison of multiple experimental groups, one-way ANOVA was performed where indicated.ResultsThe concept not only addresses the biplanar approach of submuscular implant placement (3D) but adds the 4th dimension (4D) of an aesthetically pleasing dynamic shape of the augmented breast providing long-term stability. Measurements—taken at 3 months, and 1, 2, 3, 5, and ≥ 7 years post augmentation—for SN-N, N-IMF, N-ML, and MC-N distances did not show any significant changes over time. In the patient cohort of 867 patients (1734 implants), the overall complication rate was < 5%. Revisions for bleeding were below 0.5%. Shape stability was observed over 7 years in more than 95% of the patients.ConclusionsOur results indicate that our technique of multiplane breast augmentation provides long-term stability and aesthetic quality. It may solve some of the existing tradeoffs of the different methods by combining the benefits of each technique supported by an additional shaping through a controlled deep fasciotomy.Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.